Kalimat langsung (Direct
Speech) adalah kalimat yang
bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Kalimat-kalimat
tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus dengan (tanda baca)
koma.
Kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”. Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan bentuk waktu reporting verb.
PENJELASAN
Untuk
lebih memahami perbedaan antara direct speeh dengan indirect speech dapat
dilihat dari contoh dibawah ini :
Ø
He said : “ I am very hungry” (Direct speech)
Ø
He said that he was very hungry (Indirect speech)
Catatan
:
Dari
contoh diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan antara direct speech dan
indirect speech adalah bahwa dalam direct speech atau kalimat langsung memakai
tanda kutip sedangkan dalam indirect speech atau kalimat tidak langsung tanda
kutip tidak dipakai.
Direct
dan Indirect speech dapat dibagi dalam 3 bagian :
1.
Command (Perintah)
2.
Statement (Pernyataan)
3.
Question (Pertanyaan)
Penjelasan
Tentang Statement
STATEMENT(Pernyataan)
Dalam
indirect statement, “that” digunakan sebagai penghubung antar kalimat pengantar
dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported speech)
Kalimat
pengantar dalam statement :
He
said
+that+reported
words
He
told me
Contoh-contoh
:
Ø
Direct : He said, “aweng is ill”
Indirect : He said that aweng was ill
Ø
Direct : She told me, “I am studying Brazilia now”
Indirect : she told me that she was studying Brazilia now
Ø
Direct : Rachma said, “she will work hard”
Indirect : Rachma said that she would work hard
Catatan:
Ada
beberapa perubahan perubahan dari Direct ke Indirect Speech
1.
To be and Auxiliries
2.
Time and Place
3.
Tenses
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect
Speech :
1.
To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct
Indirect
* Am/is/are
was/were
* Shall/will
*
should/would
* Can
* could
* May
* might
* Must
* Have/has
to
* had
to
* Ought
to
2.
Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct
Indirect
* now
* then
* tomorrow
* the following day
* next
week
* the following
week
* tonight
* that night
* today
* that day
* yesterday
* the day before
* last
night
* the night before
* last
week
* the week before,
the
precious week
* here
* there
* this
* that
* these
*
those
3.
Tenses
Direct
Indirect
* Simple
present
*
simple past
* Simple
past
*
past perfect
* Present
perfect
* Present
continous
*
past continous
* Present
perfect continous *
past perfect continous
* Simple
future
* past
future
1. She has told you, “ I am reading “
A.
She
has told you that he was reading
B.
She has told you that
he is reading
C.
She has told you that
I am reading
Penjelasan: continous to past future, “ i am – She
was”
2. My brother said to me, “ I don’t like basketball “
A.
My brother said to me
that i like basketball
B.
My brother said to me
I don’t like basketball
C. My brother said to me that he didn’t like
basketball
Penjelasan:
simple present to past present, “ don’t – didn’t”
3. He said, “ I didn’t go to Supermarket”
A. He said that she hadn’t gone to supermarket
this morning
B.
He said that she
didn’t go to supermarket
C.
He said that I didn’t go to supermarket
Explain: past
present to simple present, “ didn’t – hadn’t”
4. She says, “ I have seen that breaking news “
A.
She says that I have seen that breaking news
B.
She
says that she has seen that breaking news
C.
She says that she is seeing that breaking news
Explain: perfect countinous to past perfect
countinous, “i have – she has”
5. Wahyu
said, “I have done my turning shop”
A. Wahyu said that I have done my turning shop
B. Wahyu said that i’m doing turning shop
C. Wahyu said that he had done his turning shop
Explain: simple
perfect countinous to past perfect countinous, “ have – had”
6.
“i Have been
practice drawing here for 4 days”, she
said
A.
She
said that he had been practice drawing
here for 4 days
B.
She said
that he have been practice drawing here for 4 days
C.
She said
that i had been practice drawing here for 4 days
Explain: Present
perfect continuous to Past perfect continuous,”Have Been – Had Been”
7.
Father said to me, “I was waiting for you for a long
time.”
A.
Father told to me that she has been waiting for me for a long time
B. Father told me that she
had been waiting for me for a long time.
C.
Father told to me that was waiting for you for a
long time.
Explain: simple
perfect continuous to past perfect continuous
8. He said, “ I didn’t go to school”
A.
He said that she didn’t
go to school
B.
He said that I didn’t go to school
C.
He
said that she hadn’t gone to school this night
Explain: past
present to simple present, “ didn’t – hadn’t”
9. She said, “we will go to
Italy tomorrow”
A.
She said that they will go to Italy to day
B.
She said that they would go to Italy the next day.
C.
She said we will go to Italy day
Explain: simple future changin to past future, “will
to would”and
The time is changin (
adverb), “tomorrow - the next day”
10. He says to her brother’s, “ I have been wraiting “
A.
He says to her brother’s that she was wraiting
B.
He
says to her brother’s that I have been wraitng
C. He says to her brother’s
that he has been wraiting
Explain: Simple Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect
Continuous
11. She
said, “I will go to London tomorrow”
A.
She said that he will go to
London the next day
B.
She said that he want go to
London the next day
C.
She said that he would go
to London the next day
Explain: Will’ and ‘Shall’ ke
‘would’. “and change explanation time” tomorrow to the next day
12. toni said, “ I’m very hungry “
A.
toni
said that he was very hungry
B.
toni said that I’m very hungry
C.
toni said that i was very hungry
Explain: simple present to past present, “i am to he
was”
13. She says, “I like spice.”
A. She says that i like spice
B. She says that he was liked
spice
C. Shee says that i’m like spice
Explain:
simple present to past present, “ like to liked”
14. “she said, “I am going to
Masjid”.
A.
She said that he was to going to Masjid
B.
She said that he was going to Masjid
C.
She
said that he is go to Masjid
Explain: present countinous ke past present countinous “ i am
to was” pada indirect kalimat
15. He says, “ I have seen that breaking news “
A. He says that
she is seeing that breaking news
B. He says thatI
have seen that breaking news
C. He says that she has seen that breaking news
Explain: perfect countinous to past perfect
countinous, “i have to she has”
16. My brother said to me, “ I don’t like basketball “
A. My brother said to me that he didn’t like
basketball
B. My
brother said to me that i like basketball
C. My
brother said to me I don’t like basketball
Explain: simple
present to past present, “ don’t to didn’t”
17. He will say, “ The girl wasn’t interst
A. He wiil say
that the girl was interst
B. He will tell them that the
girl wasn’t interst
C. He will say that The girl wasn’t interst
Explain: Simple Present to Past Present, changin at
report speech
18. Harry said, “I will meet the
Teacher.”
A.
Harry said that you was meet the teacher
B.
Harry
said that you would meet the teacher
C.
Harry said that you will meet the teacher
Explain: future to pat future, “ will to would”
19. He
said, “I will go to Italy to day”
A.
He said that he will go to
Italy that day
B.
He said that he want go to
Italy that day
C.
He said that he would go
to Italy that day
Explain: Will’ and ‘Shall’ to
‘would’. “and change explanation time” tomorrow to the next day
20. Samuel said,”I am feel dizzy”
A.
Samuel said that I’m feel dizzy
B. Samuel said that he was feel dizzy
C.
Samuel said that
he is feel dizzy
Explain: simple present to
simple past,”i am” to “he was” at
inderct tenses
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